Influenza: Make sure you know the facts Published Jan. 18, 2013 By Airman 1st Class Charles Segarra Public Health Technician MALMSTROM AIR FORCE BASE, Mont. -- Recently, there has been an increased prevalence of seasonal influenza, or the flu. More than half of the United States is experiencing increased activity in Influenza-Like Illness and so far, there have been 18 flu-associated deaths in children. While impact to Montana remains minimal as compared to other states, individuals should remain vigilant. Locally, Cascade County has also seen an increase of the flu, with 57 reported cases by December 2012. This is in stark comparison to just one reported case during the same time period in the previous flu season. Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus, which affects your nose, throat and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness and, in severe cases, can lead to death. The virus is spread in droplets of saliva when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or speaks. The droplets of saliva can fly up to six feet and land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby and subsequently be inhaled into the lungs. The flu can also be spread by touching an infected surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching one's own mouth or nose. Some individuals, such as the elderly, young children and pregnant women are more susceptible to the flu. Additionally, people with certain underlying health conditions are at increased risk for serious flu complications. These underlying health conditions include, but are not limited to, asthma, chronic lung disease, heart disease, endocrine disorders (e.g., diabetes), weakened immune systems and people who are morbidly obese. Signs and symptoms of the flu include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, congestion, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue and, occasionally, vomiting and diarrhea, though the latter is more common in children than adults. The flu vaccine is the first and best way to prevent influenza. Other preventive actions include the following: Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze and throw tissues in the trash after you use them Wash your hands often with soap and warm water. If soap and water aren't available, use an alcohol-based hand rub Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth - germs can be spread this way Try to avoid close contact with sick people. If you are sick, limit contact with others as much as possible to keep from infecting them. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone. If you have any questions or concerns regarding influenza, please contact the Malmstrom Public Health Clinic at 731-4405.